The goal of the mission was to orbit a satellite called the ‘Mangalyan’ around planet Mars. ‘Mangalyan’ was launched on November 5th, 2013 and has been orbiting planet Mars since September 4th, 2014. The mission was successful and proved to be a name-maker for ISRO in the whole world. Not only was the mission revolutionary, but a lot of people got motivation from ISRO as they accomplished the mission in their first attempt and with a budget much less than that of NASA’s Mars mission (the Mars rover one).

However, not many people know about the struggles of scientists, engineers, and technicians involved in the Mars Orbiter Mission. They had to work extra hard due to limited fundings and a then insufficient budget for a mission that grand. The real story of the Mars Orbiter Mission has now been rele...

The billion dollar modern solid state device industry that we see today, it all started back in 1901 with a Bangladeshi 42 year’s old scientist patenting the use of a crystal rectifier for detecting the radio waves. In 1894 he was the first person ever to use a crystal as a radio wave detector in his microwave experiment. He wrote in his essay Adrishya Alok (Invisible Light), “The invisible light can easily pass through brick walls, buildings etc. Therefore, messages can be transmitted by means of it without the mediation of wires.”

At the same period, in 1906 G.W. Pickard patented the thin wire pressed against crystal which is famous as the first ever radio detector solid state device named as the “Cat’s-whisker detector”. It was the first commer...

Even after all that problems are solved so yes I also added few bits of motivation to follow the problem. Atleast you can play with it for sure. Many people reach to awesome solutions & problems like Hilbert a mathematician asked once to dare solving some 16 problems in his list he published but most of them are solved now. 

Let's get aware about the awesome techs & maths equations. But do you know there are still the things unsolved mysteries yet have no clue for couple of decades & few are about or more than centuries.

Let's take for example : 

Goldbach conjecture. According to his work as a mathematician he presented his thing as - All even numbers except "2" can be written as the sum of two prime numbers. Like 4 = 2+...

Once upon a time in 2005, Nigeria was regarded as an emerging member of the Next Eleven countries, a term coined by Goldman Sachs, a leading global investment banking, securities and management firm, representing the 11 countries touted as the next economic hub of the world. Fast forward to the present age, Nigeria has become a shadow of herself being currently plagued with avalanche of anomalies- economic, political, religious, ethnic and social. How did our lofty dream of the N-11 evaporate suddenly? Did we forget that the advancement of modern economies is now knowledge-driven? Our present predicament is not unconnected with the collapse of our educational institutions which serve as a spring water for human development, a harbinger for economic development. The effect of moribund educational institutio...

2500 years ago, Sophocles, one of three ancient Greek Tragedians said, "Men are learning to become wise in aging" maybe because of this treasured wisdom that older people are worried about their memory deficits than any other age-related changes. This concern is not unreasonable, as about 7% of people over 65 have a ‘cognitive impairment’ condition and 40% of people over 85 have a major mental condition. Aging is unbearable, however, medical research shows that mental deficits can be prevented.

Increasing age can even affect the best of the brains. Learning new things takes time as new information is thoroughly processed in the brain and the details can be a lot to handle. As the names suggest, short-term memory is lost quickly, however, long-term memory stays. Of course, aged people who are health...

Technological advancements have been acclaimed as the main catalyst that accounts for the different developmental strides that are evident in our localities and the global world at large. Thus, we can say “a nation which does not acknowledge the rightfulness of its engineering scope in its various educational set up, would be of no difference from a nation lacking in its quest towards development”.

The engineering field accounts for almost all (if not all) of the various developments that we see around us: structural development, transportation, medical care, in the energy sector, software and hardware designs, fabrics, agriculture, communication and so on. These developments are evident through the different engineering field of studies, such as; Chemical Engineering, Automotive Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Me...

Voluntary blood donation is a great service. The great step of a blood donor can save a lot of dying life. The practice of donating blood came up as a great hand for patients of the world. But in our society there are some wrong concepts on blood donation. Removing the wrong concepts, as much the people will come forward that much the world will be benefitted. According to the rules of World Health Organization, a person with a good health is allowed for voluntary blood donation. But after meeting some conditions of blood donation, a donor can donate blood in regular interval.

Considering, the body weight of an adult person has five liters of blood in average. 500mm blood is taken in each blood donating session. Within 24 hours to 48 hours after blood donation, bone marrow produces new blood to recover the loss. The viability of...

Astronomy is an outstanding scientific subject that has inspired us humans for thousands of years: By looking into the sky and imagining the earth as a tiny boat in the depth of space we feel connected and curious about all the planets, stars, and galaxies out there.

The International Astronomy and Astrophysics Competition takes this fascination sparking subject and gives students the opportunity to challenge their astronomy and astrophysics knowledge in a friendly competition and - by participating - to learn more about this interesting subject and to extend their horizon.

The competition has the aim to be accessible to all students from all countries regardless of their background, school, or institution. For that, the International Astronomy and Astrophysics Competition uses today's technologies and...

Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that have the ability to enter the body replicating and growing causing serious diseases. Antibiotics agents interfere with specific processes that are essential for growth and/or division either for killing bacteria or at least stopping their growth. But How Drugs Interfere With Bacterial Growth And Division?

Proteins are important components in the cell to function normally, so some antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis by inhibiting ribosomes thus stopping protein synthesis which results in bacterial death.

 Folic acid (one of B vitamins) can’t enter the bacteria, so the bacteria have to synthesize it, as it is important for the bacterial growth, by the help of a certain enzyme called dihydropteroate synthase. Antibiotics like...

History was made, in April, 2019, specifically 11^th to 13^th - Nigeria had her first national conference on adolescent health, courtesy of the Society for Adolescents and Young People`s Health in Nigeria (SAPHIN – www.sayphin.org). The event tagged “Leaving No Young Person Behind: Advancing Adolescent Health in Nigeria in the SDG Era” was graced by the Honourable Minister of Health, Prof. Isaac Adewole, The governor of Oyo state, Senator Abiola Ajimobi , The Global President, International Association for Adolescent Health, Prof Susan Sawyer, University students, Non-profit and School Owners, Academics, delegates from UNFPA, WHO, as well as Government Officials from other parts of Africa and the world at large.

 

This in no doubts has set up a n...

Emelife Chinelo Stella, who recently won 20 medals for her outstanding performance in the University of Mysore, India, spoke about the poor attitude of Nigerians to academic excellence in an exclusive interview with IYJ's Alfred Olufemi.

Mrs Chinelo, who hails from Enugwu Ukwu in Njikoka local government of Anambra state just completed her Master's degree programme in the Indian university. As the Best Graduating Student for a Master's degree programme with a final grade point (FGP) of 9.263%, Stella received the gold medals from the University, a total of 20 gold medals and five cash prizes at the convocation ceremony in the university.

Edexlive, an Indian based media outlet, described Stella's feat as the highest ever in post-graduation studies at the 99th convocation of the University of Mysore...

According to a Wall Street Journal report, the U.S. Transportation Department which has been probing the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) approval of the 737 MAX especially its new anti-stall control system known as MCAS (Manoeuvring Characteristics Augmentation System) has warned two FAA offices to safeguard computer files. 

The Seattle Times also reported that Boeing’s original 737 MAX safety analysis of MCAS that was used by FAA to certify the aircraft had fundamental flaws. According to the report, the system had too much power and lacked redundancy. The situation may have been compounded by FAA rules that permit aircraft manufacturers to self-certify. 

Seattle Times spoke to current and former engineers on condition of anonymity about the...

As communities and nations across the globe continues to mourn the death of their loved ones whose eternal fate was grossly decided into external obituary by the ill fatal crash of Ethiopian Airline flight 302 Sunday 10th March 2019, events surrounding the crash incident has since continue to raise intense and serious concerns given the gravitas of loss in both the human and material end. It was a tragedy with no prior notice as the unexpected happened so fast in quick succession. From the Bole International Airport all was set for Nairobi Kenya until the devastation befall a Boeing 737 Max 8 Jet.

Boeing 737 Max 8 Jet took off at the Ethiopian Bole International Airport at exactly 01:38 am ET en-route Addis Ababa to Nairobi when moment’s later after takeoff, Capt. Yared Getachew noticed a disturbance on the attitude p...

Bilingualism refers to a situation when a child confronts two distinct languages at the same time . Bilingualism is closely related to the phenomenon of language acquisition the particular way in which we all learn our native language as children. We acquire the skill, and even if we have to work on our writing, speaking seems as natural as breathing. Scientists claim that language acquisition is a process that starts at the beginning of our lives and ends around puberty. Bilingualism was considered a must be avoided method in raising children to prevent some myths and misconceptions that greatly prevailed in the beginning of 19th century. 

One of these myths that learning more than one language in the childhood can lead to confusion and inability to differentiate between the words of the two languages. This commo...

Before proceeding to explain when the usage of a comma splice is acceptable, let’s first define what a comma splice is. A comma splice occurs when attempting to join two independent clauses using a comma. For example, consider the following sentence:

“Tom is such a thoughtful guy, he cares a lot about other people.”

The two clauses above can stand by themselves as complete sentences, and thus they cannot be joined with a comma. Instead, they may be joined using a coordinator (and, but, or, nor, yet, and so), or separated using some form of end-stop punctuation (a period, semicolon, exclamation mark, etc.)

Because of this, almost everyone has the wrong impression that the “avoid any comma splice” rule is one that must be slavishly obeyed. But that isn’t true at all. In fact, a comma splice is s...

A flagship species, this dolphin is an indicator of the biological health of the aquatic and terrestrial environment adjoining the Indus River. It is found exclusively in freshwater, living not only in the main channels, but also, during the flood season, in seasonal tributaries and the flooded lowlands. The scientific name for the Indus river dolphin is, “Platanista gangetica minor”. The Indus river dolphin is one of around 80 known species of cetacea and one of around 40 known species of dolphin.

Due to their apparent small population size these marine mammals are currently considered endangered and hunting them is considered illegal. The Blind Dolphin has a long beak and a stocky body. It has a low triangular hump on its back in place of a 'true' dorsal fin. It is gray-brown in color, sometimes with a pinkish belly. The ...

Awards and Prizes
Successful participants receive many certificates, awards, cash prizes, and honors:

- All Participants: Official Certificate
- All Finalists: Finalists Certificate
- 1. Prize: 200 USD Cash Prize
- 2. Prize: 150 USD Cash Prize
- 3. Prize: 100 USD Cash Prize
- Special Regional Awards: Africa, Europa, Greater Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, America

We understand the crucial role of teachers and schools for scientific education. Because of that, we award several school awards to honor the efforts of the teachers and the schools:

- IAAC School Award for Most Participants: This award receives the school with the mos...

Educating a child has always been the main issue in Pakistan. And to educate a girl in this country, the most difficult one. In Pakistan, education is given the least importance. And those who have access to it, get the benefits. In a densely populated country, governments have given little or no importance in the field of education.

There is a huge proportion of people living in Pakistan whose children remain uneducated either due to lack of awareness or poverty. However, in the recent past, the number of children going to schools has increased. In the era of the digital world, people are now aware of the prospects of education. Still, there is a growing concern regarding girls getting education. According to Human Rights Watch report in November 2018, titled as ‘Shall I feed my daughter, or Educate her?’, highlighted som...

The term 'Text Neck' was coined by Dr. DL Fishman, a US chiropractor. This condition is a growing lifestyle and health condition with the constant growth in mobile user population all over the world.
Apart from neck pain, it can also cause shoulder pain, upper back pain, headaches, and increased thoracic kyphosis. Flexing the head forward to use a smartphone affects the spine directly. The most common complaint of Text Neck is neck pain, stiffness, and soreness.

Signs and Symptoms of Text Neck
Instant upper back or neck pain when using a handheld device
Nagging or sharp pain in the neck or shoulders at the end of the day.
General shoulder pain and tightness. Pain can be localized to one spot or may be diffused over an area, the usually lower part of the neck. Can be describ...

In a society where we are surrounded by confusing, complex and convoluted remedies for even the most minor mental health concerns, it can be hard to remember the benefits that can be derived from the simpler aspects of life.

Ontario colleges and universities are currently facing a student mental health crisis that impacts the lives and academic performance of the students. The causes leading to this crisis are multifactorial, including the challenges of transitioning from high school to university, adaptation to a new social environment, financial difficulties, stress of academics and decreased support of family. The positive aspect is that universities are addressing the challenges of student mental health by laying down wellness strategies and opening student wellness centres, specifically catered towards mental health issues. Many...

25th hour of the day I found it perfect for what I'm going to tell you because we all don't have the same 24hours. You might heard that we all have 24 hours in a day but that's not true. Really!! Yes. How is so as logically we can't deny the 24 hours in a day concept but think again.

We all have two clocks. One is running outside & the other is running inside. Outside clock uses the mechanical instructions of time. That's independent of what we do. But there is a clock running inside that I called Biological clock. That's connectted with planet's tune with body. Have you ever thought that how someone is so efficient at work & have a productive day and you can't even if you try hard.

The reason is the time variable that person added few extra hours in her/his day so for sure they have some extra ease of doing everything. Yo...

The International Youth Math Challenge is an international mathematics competition that enables students from all countries to prove their math skills and to unleash their creativity. Mathematics is essential for the understanding of the world, scientific achievements, and progress, and for engineering and prosperity in our society. There is no doubt that math education is crucial for students of all ages around the world.

The team of the International Youth Math Challenge aims to establish a global competition that is accessible to all students and teachers - youths receive the unique opportunity to challenge their skills, be encouraged and rewarded, and to enjoy the fascinating world of mathematics. This year's competitions took place from September to December and nine participants received awards for their outstanding performance....

Teledensity (number telecoms line available to population ratio) which is used as a tool to measure growth of Telecoms.

If we employ our tool here, to calculate teledensity and prosperity, fell free to use your calculator like me too. Back then in 1960 we usually see a gross of 18724/40000000 x 100% =0.047%
450,000/100000000 x 100% = 0.045%. You will agree with me that it was a backward movement from 0.047% to 0.045% meaning the colonial masters were better at running the show than the leaders.

Was this to say Independence was bad? or Nigerians were dull?In 1992, the decree 75 gave birth to the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC) which oversaw the privatization process of the telecom sector. I remember how my grandma's house was always visited by her neighbors because she had a phone line in 1997, having a phone line was a b...

Faced with automated future, what moral framework should guide us? Optimizing logistics, detecting fraud, composing art, conducting research, providing translations and what not, intelligent machine systems are transforming our lives for the better. But the question is getting better by how far and to what extent?

The rudimentary form of algorithmic optimization for content and other numerous tech addictive methods are the new frontier of human dependency. When used right, this could evolve into an opportunity to nudge society towards more beneficial behaviour. However, in the wrong hands it could prove detrimental by directing human attention and triggering certain actions. These actions can compel us to think “are we heading to be a cyborg?”

Stacking information in an intently nuanced way with oligarchs under control h...

The great 20th century scientist Albert Einstein developed a theory called Special Relativity. The ideas of Special Relativity are very hard to imagine because they aren't about what we experience in everyday life, but scientists have confirmed them. This theory says that space and time are really aspects of the same thing—space-time. There's a speed limit of 300,000 kilometers per second (or 186,000 miles per second) for anything that travels through space-time, and light always travels the speed limit through empty space.

Special Relativity also says that a surprising thing happens when you move through space-time, especially when your speed relative to other objects is close to the speed of light. Time goes slower for you than for the people you left behind. You won't notice this effect until you return to those stationary peo...

The basis of science must not put on destructive foundation pillars. I'm saying so mostly in terms of technology well now most of young people's will deny my statement and older will show concern. I'm 21 living in the same world. But when you start questioning there's no age limit to get answers.

Technology solves problems and that's great but if same technology is not developed in tune up with the nature it destroys lives. I wanna draw your attention to few Things:
* Are we lacking underground water reservoir.
* Are we lacking in controlling pollution & plastic.
* Do we all agree upon our education system. Is it really developing our true selves.
* Do all faces seems happy or troubled around you.
* Are we using technology to really get connected to the globe Or we are loosing people's in front of our eyes.
* We are making ...

Since Independence, Kenya has achieved a fairly stable social and political set up. Kenya has taken giant steps forward in industrialization, agriculture, science and education, but in almost every field she has achieved only a lopsided progress with the benefits of progress rarely even trickling down to the masses. A great majority of children remain illiterate and find no exposure to even the rudimentary benefits of science. Even more distressing is that those who benefit from “progress” have little thought for the rest. There is a total lack of accountability among Kenyan Scientists in the present day set-up. The reasons are not difficult to discern.

Kenya has set for herself the standards of the West. There is a complete lack of nationalist feeling among her scientists. We do western science, contribute to western journ...

In past, before giving a task to an employ there were training seasons to make the employs able to operate the machines. Later on that process become schooling resulting the present education system. In past there were not such efficient computers to work and hence human have to work more but now the course is has been changed completely due to modern technology. But unfortunately we did not changed that old system of education.

Besides having modern technologies to store the formulae, students are compelled to rote that complex formulae which should not be done. We should teach the students that how these formulae can be applied and what is the technique of this process not to use them like a hard drive of a computer.

Some of the students have good grades but they don’t know the actual path of a process and lake the practic...

However, a deeper analysis of the foundations and the operations of bitcoin reveal that the above fears are far-fetched and that bitcoin is actually a very important and timely innovation in the financial sector.

Bitcoin represents a technology where the value comes from the fact that the whole world recognizes that there’s a finite amount,” says Lee. “It’s a scarce digital asset.” Only 21 million tokens will ever exist. Right now 16 million are in circulation. Four million more will be mined in the next 10 years. Based on the open source mathematical formula, “it will take 100 years to mine the last one million Bitcoin,” explains Lee who is very optimistic about the future of the cryptocurrency. Thus , due to the volatility of the exchange market the tendencies for bitcoin to rise and fal...

The SMEs brings about the growth of any growing and established economies. Like China, USA, India, Japan, Canada, etc. Where is our innovation where is our innovation where are our SMEs? Multiple taxation from both local, state and federal government. It was discovered that among 10 starts up it is possible and likely that 7 to 8 will end up before it gets 1 year.

What are the problems facing businesses in Nigeria? Biggest Challenges Facing Nigerian Startups Revealed by Benth Plus Consulting. In Africa Nigeria is known as a big Face in the growth of human and resources capacity. The international business and a focus on Nigeria as the most populous nation in Africa, with an Assumed population of about 190 million people. Over the last few years the Nigerian economy has grown at a steady pace, as shown by the recent GDP rebasing of t...